肝硬化几种常见的症状
时间:2012-02-02 14:41 作者:
1、 腹壁静脉怒张由于门静脉高压和侧支循环建立与血管扩张,在腹壁与下胸壁可见到怒张的皮下静脉。脐围静脉突起形成的水母头状的静脉曲张,或静脉上有连续的静脉杂音等体征均属罕见。
2、腹水的出现常提示已属晚期,在出现前常先有肠胀气。一般病例腹水聚积较慢,而短期内形成腹水者多有明显的诱发因素,如有感染、上消化道出血、门静脉血栓形成和外科手术等诱因时,腹水形成迅速,且不易消退。出现大量腹水而腹内压力显著增高时,脐可突出而形成脐疝。由于隔肌抬高,可出现呼吸困难和心悸。
3、 胸水,腹水患者伴有胸水者不太少见。其中以右侧胸水较多见,双侧者次之,单纯左侧者最少。胸水产生的机制还不明确,可能与下列因素有关:
①低白蛋白血症;
②奇静脉、半奇静脉系统压力增高;
③肝淋巴流量增加以致胸膜淋巴管扩张、淤积和破坏,淋巴液外溢而形成胸水;
④腹压增高,膈肌腱索部变薄,并可以形成孔道,腹水即可漏人胸腔。
脾肿大 脾脏一般为中度肿大,有时可为巨脾。并发上消化道出血时,脾脏可暂时缩小,甚至不能触及。
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